Jun 14, 2009
Sulfates and Global Warming
World Climate Report
Usually when we think of global warming, we are led to believe that it is caused primarily by increasing greenhouse gases. After all, that is what all the fuss is about in Washington DC these days. But is that entirely true?
After all there are lots of other things going on all the while. For instance, to what degree has the global temperature record in recent decades been influenced by the variability in aerosol emissions? This question has been the subject of a series of articles in recent years by Martin Wild and colleagues which look at the impacts of (primarily sulfate) aerosols on the earth’s climate. They typically conclude that sulfate aerosols play a larger role in multi-decadal climate fluctuations than the climate models generally give them credit for. And that models’ inability to properly handle the climate aspects of aerosols “may hamper the predictive skills of these models to project near future climate evolution.”
In their latest paper, just-appearing in the Journal of Geophysical Research, Wild and colleagues makes some interesting observations about aerosol influences on the global temperature history in recent decades and what it means for greenhouse gas-induced warming: The compensating [warming/cooling] tendencies [from aerosols] in various regions of the globe may tentatively indicate that the overall surface solar radiation signal inferred from the ground-based observations did not undergo dramatic changes since the year 2000. This fits to the general picture provided by the satellite community, which suggest that the planetary albedo as well as the background aerosol burden of the atmosphere may not have undergone substantial changes between 2000 and 2005, at least globally [Loeb et al., 2007a, 2007b; M. Mishchenko, personal communication, 2007]. This is also in line with recent Earthshine observations, which indicate a fairly stable planetary albedo after 2000 [Palle et al., 2009]. Further, air pollution control measures seem to have saturated lately in some of the industrialized regions, which may prevent further brightening in these areas [e.g., Ruckstuhl et al., 2008; D. G. Streets et al., submitted paper, 2009]. One may also speculate that the recent lack of a significant overall brightening may favor a more moderate temperature increase in the early 2000 compared to the 1990s, when brightening has more substantially added to the greenhouse-induced warming [Wild et al., 2007, 2008].
Overall global warming since the turn of the millennium may therefore be more readily attributable to the enhanced greenhouse effect, and no longer suppressed by surface solar dimming as in the period from the 1950s to 1980s or enhanced by surface solar brightening as from the 1980s to 2000. However, further investigations based on both modeling and observational approaches will be required to get more insight into the origins and impacts of the changes documented in this study. [emphasis added]
So what Wild and colleagues are saying is that 1) the observed global warming rate during the 1980s and 1990s was elevated as a result of a decreasing atmospheric aerosol burden (which led to more solar radiation reaching the surface, aka “solar brightening") - so all the talk about how fast the planet was warming up because of greenhouse gas concentration increase is a bit overblown, and 2) that since the turn of the century, the climate influence from aerosols has been relatively stable (in net) and so the true impact from increasing greenhouse gases should now be more evident. And, as readers of this blog are quite aware - there is no significant trend in global temperatures this century!
Now, we are not suggesting that this will continue indefinitely, but we are suggesting that the rate of temperature increase produced by greenhouse gas increases appears to be much less than climate models are indicating (or at least given credit for) - for the past several decades, and likely into the future.
It is high time that people start getting their heads out of their models and start looking at the observations. The picture grows clearer every day - carbon dioxide emissions have much less climate impact than advertised by those folks clamoring for their regulation. Read full post and references here.
Jun 14, 2009
The Climate Caper
By Viv Forbes, The Climate Coalition
Another book written by a senior Australian Scientist, Garth Paltridge, is about to published by the same people who published Ian Plimer’s best seller “Heaven and Earth”.
This is what the publisher has to say: “So you think the theory of disastrous climate change has been proved! You believe that scientists are united in their efforts to force the nations of the world to reduce their carbon emissions! You imagine perhaps that scientists are far too professional to overstate their case!
Maybe we should all think again. In his book The Climate Caper, with a light touch and nicely readable manner, Professor Paltridge shows that the case for action against climate change is not nearly so certain as is presented to politicians and the public. He leads us through the massive uncertainties which are inherently part of the ‘climate modelling process’; he examines the even greater uncertainties associated with economic forecasts of climatic doom; and he discusses in detail the conscious and sub-conscious forces operating to ensure that scepticism within the scientific community is kept from the public eye.
I have not yet read “The Climate Caper” but Ray Evans has, and had this to say:
“Having read the manuscript I can endorse this book without reservation. It is written by a scientist who was at the top of the scientific establishment in Australia, and who saw at first hand the intellectual corruption which went hand in hand with government funding of science “research”. “The book is written in a whimsical style, reminiscent of P G Wodehouse, and is difficult to put down.”
Emeritus Professor Garth Paltridge is an atmospheric physicist and was a Chief Research Scientist with the CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research before taking up positions in Tasmania as Director of the Institute of Antarctic and Southern Ocean Studies and CEO of the Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre. His research ranged from the optimum design of plants to the economics of climate forecasting. He is best known internationally for work on atmospheric radiation and the theoretical basis of climate. He is a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science.
He was in industry for a while as Director of the Environmental Executive of the Institute of Petroleum. He spent various separate years overseas in postings concerned with research or research administration - in the UK, Geneva, New Mexico, Colorado and Washington D.C. In Geneva he was involved in the early development of the World Climate Program. In Washington he was with the US National Climate Program Office at the time of the establishment of the IPCC.
To order go here.
Jun 11, 2009
Canada frosts the most widespread in recent memory
By Rod Nickel, Reuters
WINNIPEG, Manitoba (Reuters) - The multiple frosts that have blanketed Western Canada in the last week are the most widespread in the top canola-growing province of Saskatchewan in at least five years, the Canola Council of Canada said on Tuesday.
Two overnight frosts last week have already resulted in some Saskatchewan farmers reseeding their canola, a Canadian variant of rapeseed, said Jim Bessel, senior agronomy specialist in the province for the industry group Canola Council. Other farmers are waiting to see growth signs that would suggest their canola plants have survived the frost, which lasted for up to five hours at a stretch. That new growth is slow to appear with generally cool temperatures holding crop development behind schedule.
“We just don’t see a lot of activity happening from a crop development perspective,” Bessel said. “(The extent of frost damage) is a really difficult one to call right now ... It’s very erratic.” In Manitoba, the frost is the worst in memory for its frequency and area covered, said Derwyn Hammond, the province’s senior agronomy specialist for the Canola Council.
“Certainly (it’s) the worst year I’ve seen,” said Hammond, who has worked for the Canola Council for 15 years. With deadlines for full canola crop insurance ranging between June 10 and 20 in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Hammond said he expects most farmers will choose not to reseed.
Cool weather may have actually saved some of the new crop that was at such an early growing stage that it wasn’t yet vulnerable to frost, said Doon Pauly, crop specialist for the government of the western province of Alberta. “It’s the equivalent to a frost in the second or third week of May,” Pauly said. “That’s the bright side.”
The downside of the cool weather is that it has left crops in general well behind schedule, he said. The Alberta canola crop is two to three weeks behind development, Pauly said, while the Canadian Wheat Board estimated on Monday that Western Canada wheat and barley crops are at least 10 days behind.
Fields with frost damage can develop bare pockets or a thinned-down plant population that gives weeds more room to grow, said Pauly, adding that some Alberta areas reported frost as recently as Tuesday morning.
But despite frosts and cool weather, it’s too early to say if canola yields will suffer, he said. “Canola is so plastic. If the remainder of June we get good moisture and reasonable heat, the yields can recover.” Read more here.
Jun 09, 2009
Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and Landfall Strike Probability for 2009
By Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray
Information obtained through May 2009 indicates that the 2009 Atlantic hurricane season will be slightly less active than the average 1950-2000 season. We estimate that 2009 will have about 5 hurricanes (average is 5.9), 11 named storms (average is 9.6), 50 named storm days (average is 49.1), 20 hurricane days (average is 24.5), 2 major (Category 3-4-5) hurricanes (average is 2.3) and 4 major hurricane days (average is 5.0). The probability of U.S. major hurricane landfall and Caribbean major hurricane activity is estimated to be slightly below the long-period average. We expect Atlantic basin Net Tropical Cyclone (NTC) activity in 2009 to be approximately 90 percent of the long-term average. We have decreased our seasonal forecast from early April.
This forecast is based on an extended-range early June statistical prediction scheme that utilizes 58 years of past data. Analog predictors are also utilized. The influence of El Niņo conditions is implicit in these predictor fields, and therefore we do not utilize a specific ENSO forecast as a predictor.
We expect current neutral ENSO conditions to persist or perhaps transition to weak El Nino conditions by the most active portion of this year’s hurricane season (August-October). If El Nino conditions develop, it would tend to increase the levels of vertical wind shear and decrease the levels of Atlantic hurricane activity. Another reason for our forecast reduction is due to the persistence of anomalously cool sea surface temperatures in the tropical Atlantic. Cooler waters are associated with dynamic and thermodynamic factors that are less conducive for an active Atlantic hurricane season. Another factor in our forecast reduction is the stronger-than-normal Azores High during April-May. Stronger high pressure typically results in stronger trade winds that are commonly associated with less active hurricane seasons.
Although we have been in an active multi-decadal Atlantic Basin hurricane era since 1995, it is not unusual to have a few below-average years within an active multi-decadal period. Likewise, it is not unusual to have a few above-average years within an inactive multi-decadal period. We expect the active Atlantic hurricane era that we have been in since 1995 to continue for the next 10-15 years. See forecast here.
Jun 07, 2009
June Snows in California, North Dakota, Canada and Great Britain
Rain, snow and a rescue from cold: Hypothermic symptoms in child hikers
Modesto Bee
Unseasonably wet and cold weather Friday resulted in fender benders, heavy snow and a rescue effort for schoolchildren who got cold on a Tuolumne County hike. Medics treated four children after they suffered hypothermic symptoms while on a camping trip with their Napa Valley charter school in the Pinecrest Reservoir area, according to the Tuolumne County Sheriff’s Department.
Sheriff’s spokesman deputy Ken Diaz said the children were in triage at a fire station Friday afternoon. Diaz said the children, along with school officials and two hiking guides, were out hiking Friday morning when the students began showing symptoms of hypothermia. He said authorities used a boat to pick up the children and take them to the fire station.
The California Highway Patrol is advising drivers to behave “as you would if you were driving in December.” Chains are required on Highway 108 east of Strawberry, and the California Department of Transportation closed Tioga Pass on Friday because of snow.
June Snow in Dickinson, North Dakota!
KFYR-TV
Even though it was June 6, but this is North Dakota, so the snow fell hard in Dickinson Saturday morning. It`s the first time in nearly 60 years the city has seen snow past May. NBC North Dakota News reporter Andrew Keller took a few measurements, and by our unofficial count, it looks like some places may have received two inches of snow. It was only raining in Bismarck and Williston, but snow was possible by late in the night.
“Even though it was June 6, but this is North Dakota, so the snow fell hard in Dickinson Saturday morning. It’s the first time in nearly 60 years the city has seen snow past May. NBC North Dakota News reporter Andrew Keller took a few measurements, and by our unofficial count, it looks like some places may have received two inches of snow. It was only raining in Bismarck and Williston, but snow was possible by late in the night.”
To the north, this photo from June 6 from Calgary in Canada courtesy of Madhav Khandekar.
It’s June...so it must be snowing - from sweltering to shivering in one week
By Colin Fernandez, UK Daily Mail
Five days ago we were flocking to the beach, queueing for ice-creams and slathering on the sunscreen. Yesterday, we were shivering in summer’s first dusting of snow. Yes, snow. After the hottest spell of the year so far, sleet and snow swept in across northern parts of Britain while the rest of the country also cooled down considerably. The Cairngorms in Scotland were the chilliest, with temperatures falling to zero while the Pennines and Cumbrian fells managed a mere 3c (37f).
Even by British summer standards, that is a remarkable weather turnaround. In the Cairngorms, two inches of snow meant visitors were able to build a rather surprised- looking summer snowman. And in the Pennines, snow was clearly visible on peaks above 2,300ft. It was already a chilly day before heavy rain falling across the Cumbrian fells and the north Pennines helped to lower the temperature sufficiently for the rain to turn to sleet, and then to wet snow,’ said meteorologist Stephen Davenport from the Meteo Group weather forecasters.
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See more cold stories here.
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